Pneumatic power-hammer.



No. 707,246. Patented Aug. l9, I902.

H. F. MASSEY.

PNEUMATIC POWER HAMMER.

(Application filed Mm. 1, 1901.)

7 Sheets-Sheet I.

(Mo Model.)

WILEY/661966."-

No. 707,246. Patnted Aug. -l9, I902. H. F. MASSEY.

PNEUMATIC POWER HAMMER.

(Application filed. Mar. 1, 1901.)

(No Model.) whens-simian.

fix M I l m I x d Z x Z Li I "0.. 707,246. Patented Aug. 19,, I902. H. F. MASSEY.

PNEUMATIC POWER HAMMER.

(Application filed mar. 1, 1901. (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 3.

m: nunms PETERS co. Pno'ro-umo No. 707,246. Patented Aug. 19, I902;

H. r. MASSEY.

PNEUMATIC POWER HAMMER.

' (Application filed Mar. 1, 1901.)

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 4.

Witnaswea I I 2M I I No. 707,246. Patented Aug. l9, I902.

H. F. MASSEY.

PNEUMATIC POWER HAMMER.

(Application filed Mar. 1, 1901.) (No Model.) 7 s eets-$heet 5.

Hounmq Up.

HOLDING Down.

No. 707,246. Patented Aug. [9, I902.

H. F. MASSEY.

PNEUMATIC POWER HAMMER.

(Application filed Mar. 1, 1901.)

(No Model.) A TSMets-Sheet 6.

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No. 707,246. v Patentd Aug. l9, |902. H. F. MASSEY.

PNEUMATIC POWER HAMMER.

(A pplichtion filed Mar. 1, 1901.) (No Model.) 7 Sheets$heei 7.

UNIT STATES PATENT OFFICE.

V HAROLD 1 MAssEY, OF WITHINGTON, ENGLAND.

PNEUMATIC POWER-HAMMER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,246, dated August 19, 1902.

Application filed March 1,1901. Serial No. 49,3 8'1. (No model.)

To all whom it m/aty wnoern:

Be it known that I, HAROLD I FLETCHER MASSEY, engineer, a subject of the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britainand Ireland, and a resident of Gordon Place, Withington, in the county of Lancaster, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Power-Hammers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention consists in improvementsin pneumatic power-hammers.

The principal object of this invention is the provision of power-hammers which shall be more efficient and convenient in use than those hitherto constructed and shall be readily controlled in action and to enable such hammers to be readily arranged-according to the purposes for which they may be designed,

so that the tups or hammer-heads or other corresponding parts used thereinmay be easily employed in one or more or all of the ways following-thatisto say: first, to make strokes of any desirable length; second, to strike blows of any desirable force; third, to strike single blows; fourth, to strike blow after blow for any desirable period; fifth, to be held away for any desirable period from the anvils or other objects with which they are used; sixth, to hold objects, articles, or materials fast upon the anvils or other objects with which they are used.

According to this invention the'tup or hammer-head or other corresponding part of a power-hammer is caused to be moved toward and to be moved away from the anvil or other object with which it is used by air being alternately supplied or :compressed and withdrawn or rarefied first at one side of apiston in a cylinder and then at the other side of such piston, and this invention may be employed in such a way that while air is being supplied or compressed at one side of the said piston air shall be withdrawn or'rarefied at the other side of such piston.

By way of example, several forms of this invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-- Figures 1, 2, 3, 4', 5, and dare vertical sections illustrating some of the ways in which power-hammers may be arranged according to this invention and also serving to illustrate .used in the valve shown in.Fig.'12.

the principles onwhich power-hammers made according to this invention are arranged, the

section in each case being taken in partthrough the center lines of the cylinders and in part through other parts, according to the parts which are to be illustrated thereby. Fig. 7 is a side elevation, and Fig. 8 is a rear elevation, illustrating a power-hammer constructed according to this invention. Fig. 9 is a horizontal section taken on the plane in- .dicated by the line Z Z of Fig. 7. Fig. 10 isa vertical section takeuon the planes indicated by the lines A B C D of Fig.9. Fig. 11 is a horizontal section taken on the planes indicated by the lines E F G H of Fig. 10 and showing the cylinders and valves of the power-hammer. Fig. 12 is a vertical section taken on the plane indicated by the line J J of Fig. 11 and illustrating thevalve employed in the power-hammer illustrated in Figs. 7, 8,

and 10. Fig. 13 shows detached some parts Fig. 14 is a plan of the valve illustrated in Fig. 12. Figs.

15, 16, 17, and 18 are pairs of diagrammatic vertical sections serving to illustrate the way in which the said valve operates in different positions. In so far as the cylinders shown are concerned the sections Figs. 15, 16,17, and

18 are taken through the center lines of the cylinders, while in so far'as the valves and passages are concerned the sections markedL are taken on planes corresponding to that indicated by the line N N of Fig. 12, and the sections marked M are taken on planes corresponding to that indicated by the line 0 O of Fig. 12. Fig. 19 is a partial vertical section illustrating an arrangement of inlet-valves which may be employed instead of holes illustrated in Fig. 7. Fig. 20 is a side elevation illustrating an arrangement for'facilitating the striking of single blows. Fig. 21 is a side elevation, partly in vertical section, taken on the plane indicated by the line P P of Fig. 22, to be next mentioned, and illustrating the application of this invention to a portable powerhammer or other analogous tool arranged for use as a hand-tool. Fig. 22 is a partial plan of the hand-tool illustrated in Fig. 21. Fig. 23 is a vertical section through the pump used in connection with the hand-tool illustrated in Fig. 21.

log

The same characters of reference are employed to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures of the accompanying drawings.

In a power-hammer constructed according to this invention there are two cylinders, which, respectively, may be named conveniently the pump-cylinder and the hammer-cylinder and in the several powerhammers illustrated in the accompanying drawings are respectively marked CL and b.

In the pump-cylinder a is a pump'piston c. The pump-piston c fits the pump-cylinder a, and is provided with a trunk or tube 0, passing through and fitting a tube a, provided on the lower part of the pump-cylinder (t, and a connecting-rod d, connected to a crank or eccentric 6, serves to move the piston c to and fro from end to end of the cylinder a.

For convenience of description the ends of the cylinders a b will in many cases in the description following be referred to as the tops or upperends and the bottoms or lower ends of such cylinders, although such cylinders are not necessarily vertical or substantially vertical.

The hammer-piston f fits in the hammercylinder Z) and has connected to it or formed upon it the tup or hammer-head g or other corresponding part of the hammer.

The tops of the cylinders a b are connected by a passage 7t large enough to allow air to pass freely from one cylinder to the other. The bottoms of the cylinders ab are also connected by a passage '1: large enough to allow air to pass freely from one cylinder to the other.

In order to permit the full and complete control of the action of the power-hammer, there are provided openingsjf, which when open permit air to pass in and out of the cylinders. These openings may be made to communicate with the external air, as is indi- .cated in Fig. 4, or may be connected by a pipe,

as indicated in Fig. 4 by dotted lines, or, as is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, which will be described first for convenience, may be conveniently connected by a passage j, which when fully open will permit air to pass freely from either end of the pump-cylinderct to the other end thereof, and thus permit the pumppiston c to be moved to and fro without causing compression or rarefaction of the air at either end of the said pump-cylinder a sufficient to move the tup or hammer-head or other corresponding part in the manner next to be explained. If the two passages h t be open and the passage j be closed, the movement to and fro of the pump-piston a will cause air to be alternately compressed or forced out and rarefied or drawn in at each end of the pumpcylinder a, and thus the hammerpiston f and the tup or hammer-head g or other corresponding part will be caused to perform movements to and fro approximately opposite to those of the pump-piston 0; but if the passagej from the top of the pumpcylinder (0 to the bottom thereof be fully opened the hammer-piston f and the tup or hammer-head g or other corresponding part will remain unmoved. It is thus evident that if suitable means be provided to control the movement of air to and from the top andbottom of the hammer-cylinder band between the upper ends of the pair of cylinders a b and the lower ends thereof the operation of the tup or hammer-head or other corresponding part may be controlled in anyway which it may be requisite to provide for in the construction of any particular hammer.

As already mentioned herein, instead of providing a passage j to connect the upper ends of the pair of cylinders 01 b with the lower ends thereof I may simply provide openings j j at the upper ends and lower ends of a pair of cylinders a Z), as illustrated in Fig. 4, and provide such openings with cocks or valves j j, so that air may be allowed to pass in and out at the upper ends or at the lower ends of such pair of cylinders a b, and I may provide a pipej (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4) to connect the said openings 7" 7' As it is obviously impossible to illustrate or describe all the arrangements which may be employed to control the flow of air in a hammer constructed according to this invention, the accompanying drawings show by way of example only some arrangements of valves which may be used.

The arrangement of the cylinders and means for controlling the flow of air being the more essential part of this invention, it will be convenient first to describe briefly the arrangements of cylinders and means for controlling the fiow of air illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 5, and 6 and then afterward to describe the other parts of the hammers illustrated in Figs. 7 to 18 and 21 to 23 in so far as may be necessary.

Fig. 1 illustrates the simplest form in which passages h t, employed in a power-hammer constructed according to my invention, can be arranged. The passages h and t' illus' trated in Fig. 1 are each arranged to be always open to the passage of air in either direction.

Fig. 2 illustrates one Way of arranging the passage j, which when open places the top of the pump-cylinder a in communication with the bottom thereof, so that the hammer-pistonfremains unmoved although the pumppiston c be moved to and fro in the pumpcylinder a. The passage j may be provided with a valve 7a, which, like that illustrated in Fig. 3, may be simply capable of being made to close such passagejpartially or completely, and in such a case when the passagej is completely closed by the valve is the to-and-fro movement of the pump-piston 0 will cause the hammer-pistonfand tup orhammer-head g or other corresponding part to be moved to and fro with full force and to the full extent, and by the said valve being moved to open the passage j to a suitable extent the force and extent of the blows and strokes of the tup or hammer-head g or other corresponding part may be regulated. In the form shown in.

Fig. 2 the passage j is provided'with a valve 7c,capable of being turned either into a position in which a channel-7c, formed in such valve 10,

may bein line and'in communication with the parts into which the passage j is divided by the cavity in which the valve is placed or in either, of the two positions shown in Figs. 17 and 18, in which a passage formed in the valve is is provided with a valve m, which is arranged to permit air to flow in only one way through said passage and, like each of the other similar valves hereinbefore mentioned, may conveniently be termed a back-pressure valve. The said back-pressure valve m is capable. of being made to prevent air from being forced into the lower part of the cylinder to from the upper part thereof, while allowing air to be forced from the lower part of the cylinder at tothe upper part thereof. The said backpressure valve m is also capable of being made to prevent airfrom being forced into the upper part of the cylinder a from the lower part thereof, while allowing air to be forced into the lower part of the cylinder a for the upper part thereof. When the said back-pressure valve m is made to prevent air from being forced into the lowerpart of the cylinder a from the upper part thereof, the successive upward strokes of the piston 0 will force air into the upper part of the hammercylinder 1), and in the downward strokes of the piston 0 air will be forced into the upper part of the cylinder at and into the cylinder b above the hammer-piston f, so that, in effect, the tup or hammer-head or other correspondingpartwillbeheldwithvaryingforce down upon the anvil or other object with which it is used or an article placed thereon. When the said back-pressure valve m is made to prevent air from being forced into the .up-

per part of the cylinder afrom the lower part thereof, the successive downward strokes of the piston c raise or tend to raise the piston f, while the upward strokesof the piston 0 do little or nothing toward forcing the piston f downward, and thus, in effect, the piston f and the tup or hammer-head or other corresponding part connected thereto are first raised and then held away from the anvil or other object used therewith, and although when the hammer-cylinder b is arranged-vertically there is some tendency for the piston f and the tup or hammer-head g or other corresponding part to descend between the successive downward strokes of the piston 0,

object or an article placed thereon.

like the valve 10 shown in Fig. 2, anda passage h, arranged to be always open, are em-- in either direction, while permitting airto' flow through such passage in the opposite direction. 0 with the back-pressure valve m enables air to be retained under pressure in the cylinder 5 beneath the hammer-piston f and also enables the lower part of the hammer-cylinder b to be kept more'or less completely exhausted of air and so makes it possible to hold up the tup or hammer-head g or other corresponding-part steadily and with certainty, whatever may be the size of the hammer and its speed of working and the weight of the tup or hammer-head or other corresponding part employed. The use of the back-pressure valve 0 with the back-pressure valve 4% also makes it possible to hold the tup or hammer-head or other corresponding part firmly down upon the anvil or other corresponding A backpressure valve like the back-pressure valve 0 may be arranged in the passage it instead of in the passage t', and in such case the piston f and the tup or hammer-head or other corresponding part will be pressed downward by air being. kept under pressure in the upper part of the cylinder 1) and be held up by the air-pressure in the upper part of the cylinder 17 being keptso much less than the air-pressure below the piston f that the upward pressure upon the lower surface of the piston f will suffice to raise it and keep it raised.

Fig. 6 illustrates a power-hammer made according to my invention in which the passages h 'i are both provided with valves 0, which maybe made to close the passages in which they are respectively employed against the passageof air in-either direction, while permitting air topass through in the opposite direction. In the arrangement illustrated by Fig.- 6 while air maybe kept compressed in one end of the hammer-cylinder b the other end of such hammer-cylinder b may be kept more or less completely exhausted'of'z air, so that still firmer holding up or down of the tup or hammer-head or other corresponding part than is possible with the arrangement illustrated in Fig.'5 may be obtained,

if requisite, in any case. In cases in which two or more valves are used they may be either completely separated and be workedby separate devices of any suitable kind, or they maybe connected so as to'be controlled together, as is illustrated, for example, in Fig. 4, or they may be arranged so-as'to'be carried by one piece, which being moved moves them both or all, as illustrated by way of example in Figs. 7 to 18 of the-accompanying drawings.

' In the power-hammer illustrated'by Figs. 7 to 18 the passage :hfrom the top of the The use of the back-pressure valve 'IIO pump-cylinder a to the top of the hammercylinder 1) is arranged to be always open, while the passage 11 from the bottom of the pump-cylinder a to the bottom of the hammer-cylinder b is arranged so that it may be left open or have a back-pressure valve 0 inserted into it, so that it may be closed against the passage of air in either direction while remaining open to the passage of air in the opposite direction. The back-pressure valve 0 is carried by a plug 7, which itself forms a valve and is arranged so as to be capable of being made to partly or entirely close the passage j, connecting the top and bottom of the pump-cylinder a. The plug 7 is also made to carry a back-pressure valve m, which may be inserted in the passage 7', so as to close it against the passage of air in either direction while allowing air to pass in the opposite direction.

Each of the back-pressure valves m 0 illustrated in the accompanying drawings is formed of a plate with a central hole embracing a stud secured in the plug 7 and is arranged to be pressed against a face on the plug 7, so as to cover holes therein, by means of a spiral spring, which may conveniently be formed out of steel plate and is made to bear against the plate and against the head of the stud.

Fig. 13 shows separated from each other the parts forming one of the back-pressure valves m 0. The plug 70 is arranged to be turned within a tube 19 and provided with collars 7", 7", and 7 to fit therein. The tube 9 is inserted tightly in the casting q, in which the cylinders a b are formed, and is provided with ports communicating with the parts into which the passage j is divided and with ports communicating with the parts into which the passage 2 is divided. The plug 7, which is shown detached,with the back-pressure valves m 0 carried by it, in Fig. 14, is secured against longitudinal movement in the casting g by being provided at one end with a flange r and at the other end with a nut s, which by means of a washer t presses a collar it against the said casting q. The collar u also serves as a guide for the upper end of a rod 1 which is provided with teeth, so as to engage with a pinion Z, formed upon the plug 7, so that the rod '0 forms a means of turning the plug 7. The rod 1; is connected to a hand-lever w, capable of being turned upon a suitable pivot w, secured in the hammer-framework. The hand-lever w is provided with a catch or detent y, capable of being placed in engagement with or disengaged from notches in a sector a, capable of being turned about the pivot 00 and connected by means of a rod 2 with a treadle 3, raised after depression by means of a spring 4. and secured at its ends to a rod 5, capable of being oscillated in bearings provided upon the bed-plate of the power-hammer. When the catch or detent 3 is disengaged from the sector a, the handdever 10 may be moved independently of the treadle 3 and spring 4. The back-pressure valves m 0 and the channel in the portion of the plug 7, forming the valve 7r, employed to partially or entirely close the passagej when the tup or hammer-head g, connected to the piston f by the rod 6, is required to work, are disposed in relation to one another in the manner indicated by Figs. 10, 12, 14, 15, 16,17, and 18. When the plug 7 is in the position in which it is indicated in Figs. 10 and 15, the passagej is fully open, the tup or ham mer-head g or other corresponding part then remaining unmoved by the movement of the piston c. When the valve 70 is in position to completely close the passagej, as is indicated in Fig. 16, the passage t is fully open, and the tup or hammerhead 9 or other corresponding part is moved to the fullest extent possible by the movement of the piston c. When the plug7 is in the position in which it is indicated in Fig. 17, the back-pressure valve 0 allows air to pass from the lower part of the pump-cylinder a to the lower part of the ham mer-cylinder b, but prevents air from passing from the lower part of the hammer-cylinder b to the lower part of the pump-cylinder a, while the back-pressu re valve m allows air to pass from the upper part of the pump-cylinder a. or the upper part of the hammer-cylinder b to the lower part of the pumpcylinder Ct, but prevents air from passing to the upper part of the pump-cylinder a or the upper part of the hammercylinder (2, and consequently the downward movements of the piston 0 force air into the lower part of the hammer-cylinder 1), while the upward movements of the piston 0 will chiefly force air from the upper part of the pump-cylinder a, into the lower part thereof, so that the tup or hammer-head g or other corresponding part will be raised and held away from the anvil 9. When the plug 7 is in the position in which it is indicated in Fig. 18, the back-pressure valve 0 allows air to pass from the lower part of the hammer-cylinder Z) to the lower part of the pump-cylinder a, but prevents air from being forced from the lower part of the pump-cylder (1 into the lower part of the hammer-cylinder 17, while the back-pressure valve m allows air to pass from the lower part of the pump-cylinder a to the upper part thereof, but prevents air from passing from the upper part of the pump-cylinder a, to the lower part thereof, and consequently the air below the piston f in the hammer-cylinder b is rarefied, so that there is always an excess of pressure on the upper side of the piston f, holding the tup or ham mer-head g or other corresponding part down upon the anvil 9 or any object which may be placed thereon. The lines marked Q R S T in Fig. 7 respectively indicate the positions of the center line of the hand-lever to, which correspond to the positions in which the plug 7 is shown in Figs. 15, 16, 17, and 18. When the hand-lever 'w is released or the catch or detent y is disengaged from the sector z and the treadle 3 is allowed to rise, such treadle 3 is raised by the spring i until it is brought against or arrested by a stop 3, which may be arranged in any suitable position, but, as shown, is secured in the base-plate of the hammer, and thus it is easy to place the catch or detent y in engagement with either of the three notches in the sector 2, which when stationary serves as a means to hold the hand-lever w in either of the positions in which it may be necessary to hold it while the hammer is in use or to keep the hammer at rest. If the catch or detent y be engaged in a suitable notch in the sector 2, the operator may by giving a full stroke or a short stroke to the treadle 3, as is easily done by the use of a block of suitable height as a foot-rest, move the plug 7 into either of the positions corresponding to the positions of the hand-lever to, which are indicated by the lines T Q S R.

10 is a shaft carrying the pulley 11 and eccentric e, by means of which the connectingrod d, connected by a pin 12 to the piston c, is moved in order to move the piston c. The shaft 10 is also provided with a loose pulley 13. Abelt-fork14,mountedin suitable guides on the framework of the hammer, is provided in order that the belt employed to drive the power-hammer may be moved from the loose pulley 13 to the pulley 11 or in the opposite direction.

The piston-c illustrated in Figs. 10, 11, and 15 is, like all the other pistons 0 indicated in the accompanying drawings, provided-with a trunk c, passing through and fittinga guidetube ct, formed on the lower part of the pumpcylinder, so that such vtrunk c and tube Ct form a guide for the piston c. The trunk 0 also serves to fill up the space in the lower part of the pump-cylinder a in so far as is necessary to prevent the piston f from being raised with undue violence in the working of the hammer, and in order to prevent the piston f from injuring the cover of the hammercylinder 1) the hammer-cylinder b illustrated in Fig. 15 is, as is also each of the hammercylinders b indicated-in Figs. 1, 2; 5, and6, provided with a cover 15, formed with a recess forming a continuation of the interior of such hammer-cylinder b and serving to contain a portion of air to cushion or check the piston f from striking the cover 15 too violently. As the piston f may be made to enter the cover 15, the removal of the cover 15 allows access to the piston f for the insertion of packing-rings or other packing devices therein to be very readily attained when requisite and renders it unnecessary for the-piston-rod 6 to be made any longer than is necessary to allow the piston f and the tup or hammer-head g or other corresponding part connected thereto to move in the Way requisite in the ordinary working of the powerhammcr. In order that any deficiency or surplus of air at either end of the pump-cylinder a may be corrected, as may be necessary from time to time, holes 16 are formed in such pump-cylinder a in such a position that the external air may be allowed to communicate first with one end of the interior of the pumpcylinder a and then with the otherend thereof when the piston c is at the ends of its stroke, or instead of simple holes 16 any other suitable arrangements may be provided. If in any case it is not desired that there shall be any partial vacuum at either or each end of the hammer cylinder b, a back-pressure valve to admit air but prevent its egress may be provided at either or each end of the pump-cylindera or at either or each end of the hammer-cylinder b, as is illustrated in Fig. 19, which illustrates back-pressure valves 16 as being used with openings in the ends of the pump-cylinder an If at any time it isrequisite to cause the tup or hammer-head or other corresponding part which may be used in the hammer illustrated in Figs. 7 to 18 to strike a single blow and then remain at rest, this may be done by moving the plug 7 quickly from the position in which it is indicated in Fig. 17 more or less toward or into the position in which it is indicated in Fig. 16, according to the force of the blow intended to be struck, and allowing it to remain in such position during one complete to-and-fro movement of the piston c and then quickly returning it to the position in which it is indicated in Fig. 17. It is obvious that these movements of the plug 7 must be accomplished with someprecision in relation to the movements of the piston c. In Fig. 20 there is shown by way of illustration .one arrangement for facilitating the striking of single blows with so much of the hammer as is requisite to make clear the construction and application of sucharrangement. In this arrangement a rod '1), corresponding to the rod 1; already described, but formed in two parts, is employed, and aspring 17 is employed to connect the two parts of the rod 1; in such a way that if the lower part of the rod 1; is pushed upward the upper part will also move upward simultaneously, if permitted to do so, or afterward as soon as a catch 18, weighted bymeans of apivoted weight 19 to stand normally in position to prevent the upward movement of the, upper part of the rod 1), is moved out of the way of a striking plate or catch 20 on the upper part of the rod '0 by the trunk c of the piston a striking a screw 21, which is secured in a prolongation of the catch 18. The screw 21 enables the time of the disengagement of the catch 18 from the upper part of the rod 0 to be adjusted. The catch 18 and weight 19 are mounted upon a stud 22, secured in the hammer-framework. The treadle 3 or hand-lever to may be pressed down at anytime in the upward or downward movement of the piston 0; but the upper part of the rod 1) isprevented from being moved except when the pump-piston c is at the bottom of its stroke, and so ready to force down by its next upward stroke the tup or hammer-head g or other corresponding part.

It is obvious that other arrangements for facilitating the striking of single blows may be used instead of that illustrated in Fig. 20. The arrangement illustrated in Fig. 20 may also be used in cases in which a series of successive blows, commencing with a downward stroke of the hammer-head or tup or other corresponding part, may be desirable, it being only necessary to delay the return of the plug 7 to the position in which it is indicated in Fig. 17 until the desired number of blows have been struck and then move the plug 7 into such position while the piston c is performing a downward movement. The arrangement illustrated in Fig. 20 is also applicable to other pneumatic hammers in which for the striking of single blows or for other purposes it is requisite or desirable for valves to be moved at precise times.

It is obvious that for convenience of construction or for other purposes the two cylinders employed in a power-hammer made according to this invention may be made in separate pieces and connected together in any suitable manner. It is also obvious that although generally it is desirable that the passages employed in connection with the pump-cylinder and hammer-cylinder of a power-hammer made according to my invention shall be made as short as possible they may be made of any length which maybe desirable in any particularcase, as is illustrated in Figs. 21, 22, and 23, which show a pumpcylinder 0. the ends of which are connected by passages 7217:, formed as flexible pipes, to a hammer-cylinder 1), formed as the body of a hand-tool. In the construction ofa hammer or tool the passagej, by which the one end of the pump-cylinder ctis at times allowed to communicate with the other end of such pump-cylinder a, is formed in the casing or body in which the hammer-cylinder b is formed, and there is only one valve 70, which is arranged simply to allow the passage j to remain open or partly or wholly close it, so that the hammer-head or other tool may be kept at rest or made to work with a part or the whole of the force available, a thumb-lever 23 is provided to move the valve 71; and is connected to it by means of a link and is capable of being oscillated upon a stud 24 in the handle of the tool and is pressed by means of a spring in the direction to keep the passagej open and the piston f and hammer-head or tool g at rest, the construction of the hammer or handtool is illustrated in Figs. 21, 22, and 23.

It is obvious that inatool of the kind illustrated in Figs. 21, 22, and 23 or other tool arranged according to my invention there may be employed any of the hereinbefore-described arrangements of valves which may be considered desirable.

From the foregoing description it is obvious that power-hammers and other similar tools made according to this invention may be made to fulfil all requirements of the users of tools of those kinds and are simple in construction and efficient for the purposes for which they are intended.

WVhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a pneumatic power-hammer the combination of a pump-cylinder and a hammercylinder with passages to connect the two ends of the one with the two ends of the other and furnished with openings to be opened more or less or closed in order to regulate the flow of air between such cylinders.

2. In a pneumatic power-hammer the combination of a pump-cylinder and a hammercylinder with passages to connect the two ends of the one with the two ends of the other and furnished with openings to be opened. more or less or closed in order to regulate the flow of air between such cylinders and means to open such openings more or less and close them.

3. In apneumatic power-hammer the combination of a pump-cylinder and a hammercylinder with passages to connect the two ends of the one with the two ends of the other and furnished with openings to be opened more or less or closed in order to regulate the. flow of air between such cylinders and a valve provided in connection with one of the passages connecting the said cylinders to stop at times the flow of air therethrough in one direction.

4. In a pneumatic power-hammer the combination of a pump-cylinder and a hammercylinder with passages to connect the two ends of the one with the two ends of the other and furnished with openings to be opened more or less or closed in order to regulate the flow of air between such cylinders, a valve provided in connection with one of the passages connecting the said cylinders to stop at times the flow of air therethrough in one direction and a valve provided in connection with the other of the said passages connecting the said cylinders to stop at times the flow of air therethrough in one direction.

5. In a pneumatic power-hammer the combination of a pump-cylinder and a hammercylinder with passages to connect the two ends of the one with the two ends of the other and furnished with openings to be opened more or less or closed in order to regulate the flow of air between such cylinders and a passage connecting the said openings.

6. In a pneumatic power-hammer the com bination of a pump-cylinder and a hammercylinder with passages to connect the two ends of the one with the two ends of the other and furnished with openings to be opened more or less or closed in order to regulate the flow of air between such cylinders a passage connecting the said openings and means to close or open more orless the said passage and so the said openings.

7. In a pneumatic power-hammer the combination of a pump-cylinder and a hammercylinder with passages to connect the two ends of the one with the two ends of the other and furnished with openings to be opened more or less or closed in order to regulate the flow of air between such cylinders and apas-' sage connecting the said openings and a valve to close or open more or less the said passage and so the said openings.

8. In a pneumatic power-hammer the com bination of a pump-cylinder and a hammer- .cylinder with passages to connect the two ends of the one with the two ends of the other and furnished with openings to be opened more or less or closed in order to regulate the flow of air between such cylinders and a passage connecting the said openings, a valve provided in connection with the said passage to close or open it more or less and so to close or open more or less the said openings, and a valve provided in connection with such passage to stop at times the flow of air therethrough in one direction.

9. In a pneumatic power-hammer the combination of a pump-cylinder and a hammercylinder with passages to connect the two ends of the one with the two ends of the other and furnished With openings to be opened more or less or closed in order to regulat-ethe fiow'of air between such cylinders and a passage connecting the said openings, a valve provided in connection with the said passage to close or open it more or less and so to close or open more or less the said openings, a valve provided in connection with the said passage to stop at times the flow of air therethrough in one direction and a valve providedin connection with one of the passages connecting the said cylinders to stop at times the flow of air therethrough in one direction.

10. In a pneumatic power-hammer the combination of a pump-cylinder and a hammercylinder' with passages to connect the two ends of the one with the two ends of the other and furnished with openings to be opened more or less or closed in order to regulate the flow of air between such cylinders and a passage connecting the said openings, a valve provided in connection With thesaid passage to close or open it more or less and so to close or open more or less the said openings, and a valve provided in connection with one of the passages connecting the said cylinders to stop at times the flow of air therethrough in one direction. I

11. In apneumatic power-hammer the combination of a pump-cylinder and a hammercylinder with passages to connect the two ends of the one with the two ends of the other and furnished with openings to be opened more or less or closed in order to regulate the flow of air between such cylinders and apas sage connecting the said openings, a valve provided in connection with the said passage to close or open it more or less and so to close or open more or less the said openings, avalve provided in connection with one of the passages connecting the said cylinders to stop at times the flow of air therethrough in one direction and a valve provided in connection with the other of the passages connecting the said cylinders to stop at times the flow of air therethrough in one direction.

12. In a pneumatic power-hammer the combination of a pump-cylinder and a hammen cylinder with passages to connect the two ends of the one with the two ends of the other and furnished with openings to be opened more or less or closed in order to regulate the flow of air between such cylinders and a passage connecting the said openings, a valve provided in connection with the said passage to close or dpen it more or less and so to close or open more or less the said openings, a valve provided in connection with the said passage to stop at times the flow of air therethrough in one direction, a valve provided in connection with one of the passages connecting the said cylinders to stop at times the flow of air therethrough in one direction, and a valve provided in connection with the other of the passages connecting the said cylinders to stop at times the flow of air therethrough in one direction.

13. In a pneumatic power-hammer the combination of a pump-cylinder and a hammercylinder with passages to connect the two ends of the one with the two ends of the other and furnished with openings to be opened more or less or closed in order to regulate the flow of air between such cylinders and a passage connecting the said openings, a plug provided with a valve to close or open more or less the said passage and so the said openings and avalve carried on the said plug and so inserted at times into the said passage to stop the passage of air therethrough in one direction and a second valve carried on the said plug and so inserted at times into one of the passages connecting the said cylinders to stop the flow of air therethrough in one direction. I

14:. In a pneumatic power-hammer having a pump-cylinder and a hammer-cylinder the combination with the hammer-cylinder of a cover provided with a cavity forming an extension of the interior of the said hammercylinder and made to fit the piston Working in the said hammer-cylinder for the purposes hereinbefore described.

15. In a pneumatic power-hammer provided with valves the combination with such f valves and the means employed to operate them of an elastic connection in the said means and a catch on part thereof and a catch which is movable upon a fixed part and provided with means to engage a moving part of the hammer and being moved thereby disengage the catches and permit the movement; of said valves for the purposes hereinbefore de- 5 scribed.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as myinvention I have signed my name, in presence of two witnesses, this 20th day of February, 1901.

' HAROLD F. MASSEY.

WVitnesses:

HOWARD CHEETHAM, JOHN EDWIN BAREAD. 

